Hi, the depth really depends on the racking inside the cellar, which can range from approx 5" (single deep bottles, label forward) to 13" (triple deep bottles, label forward). You'll want to have a few inches of space in front of the bottles to the door (for air circulation), and the sum (racking + space) will determine the total interior depth.
Regarding the cooling unit, in this case the air is being ducted to/from the cellar to/from the cooling unit, which is located in an adjacent mechanical room. Other options might be locating the cooling unit directly above the cellar, or inside the cellar (but that will reduce bottle capacity inside the cellar). Regardless of where the cooling unit is located, you need to make sure to properly account for the unit's hot air exhaust and fresh air intake.
We definitely recommend working with an experienced cellar refrigeration company to make sure that the cooling unit is correctly sized for the cellar, and will be configured correctly for the installation environment. If you need help, let us know and we'll be glad to assist you - you can get started here: https://www.iwawine.com/custom-wine-cellars
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