What is going on with the cabinet, or is there a cabinet? Does it have doors that create a center line? Does it have an opening for a basin or is it a vessel sink basin (a bowl that sits on top of the cabinet). A picture would help us help you in the best possible way, but not having seen it- 99.9% of basins must be centered under the faucet. For splashing and for aesthetics. Exceptions are rare. Good luck! I hope to see a pic and get more specific!

Since you've tried the over the counter method, I would agree with Bobbi. Hire a pro. Those sinks are so pretty refinished to their original state and a pro will give you a finish that will last the rest of your life. If you can't find anyone listed in the phone book, ask around at a hardware store.

I'm not against colorful homes. There's bright, and then there's too bright. I wouldn't go with persimmon for the whole house. The photo you provided has lots of white trim which offsets the orange, but your house doesn't have that much trim (unless you were planning on adding some, which I think would look good no matter what color you ultimately choose, but even so, I wouldn't go with persimmon for the whole house, as it's still too bright). To repeat what @nwduck said, the other homes in the neighborhood don't appear to all be done in the bright colors, and so yours would stand out too too much. I like @deco's idea of the bright door, if you really love a bright color. For the rest of the house, any more subdued color would be fine, along with additional trim around the windows, and assuming that your siding color coordinates with your roofing color.

Option 4. I would not have more than 2 different cabinet finishes. Darker, grounded look for the base and island, with lighter, airier look for the uppers would balance the room.